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Router, GSM Modul. AC-Servo Drives. Servo Motoren. Accessories VFD. Samba SM Accessories Jazz-Series. Schunk Gripper Systems. Accessories Schunk Gripper Systems. Imprint Privacy. Robotics Vision Systems Automation. Gas prices also have helped fuel inflation to a year high, eating up household budgets and hitting President Joe Biden's approval ratings.
The new standards, he said, will help keep the U. But auto dealers say more stringent requirements drive up prices and push people out of an already expensive new-car market. Trump's administration rolled back fuel economy standards, allowing them to rise 1. But the new standards won't immediately match those adopted through under President Barack Obama.
NHTSA officials said they will equal the Obama standards by and slightly exceed them for the model year. The Obama-era standards automatically adjusted for changes in the type of vehicles people are buying. Some environmental groups said the new requirements from NHTSA under Biden don't go far enough to fight global warming. Others supported the new standards as a big step toward reducing emissions.
Carbon dioxide emissions would drop by 2. Automakers are investing billions of dollars to develop and build electric vehicles but say government support is needed to get people to buy them.
Nike air max 90 recraft | InSight 78XX Color. EPA highway estimate: 40 mpg Powertrain tested: turbocharged 1. It can be had with a turbo-diesel engine, a plug-in hybrid powertrain, a lovable straight-six, or with one of two mpg 40 four-cylinder engines. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said its fuel economy requirements will undo a rollback of standards enacted under President Donald Trump. They will reduce gasoline consumption by more than billion gallons over the life of vehicles, compared with the Trump standards. Accessories Schunk Gripper Systems. |
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Mpg 40 | Scientific, rigorous, and—above all else—repeatable in a laboratory environment, the tests are best at highlighting the efficiencies of different cars and trucks relative to one another. The Honda Fit is nothing if not economical, whether you gauge that by price, space efficiency, or fuel economy. Many automakers fell short in recent years, notably full-line manufacturers like General Motors, Ford, and Stellantis which are heavily dependent upon sales of big pickups and SUVs. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this mpg 40 to help users provide their email addresses. Tested: Hyundai Ioniq 5 Charges Forward. Trump's administration rolled back fuel economy standards, allowing them to rise 1. |
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Space cats | LED Color. Stellantis last month unveiled its new Hurricane powerplant, a turbo V-6 that will replace engines like the iconic Hemi V-8 while delivering substantially better mileage. What sort of vehicles will be available by the time rolls around? Powertrain tested: turbocharged 1. Carbon dioxide emissions would drop by 2. |
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Let s talk about animals | More EVs There is no question that automakers will accelerate the rollout of all-electric models. Others supported the new standards as a big step toward reducing emissions, with the American Lung Association calling for even stronger standards mpg 40 drive a transition to all new vehicles having zero-emissions by Today's Top Stories. They will reduce gasoline consumption by more than billion gallons over the life of vehicles, compared with the Trump standards. We estimate that the diesel XE can travel miles on a tank of fuel, removing one stressful element from long trips. |
AMFA specifies the energy equivalency of cubic feet of natural gas to be equal to 0. For example, under this conversion and gallon equivalency, a dedicated natural gas vehicle that achieves 25 miles per cubic feet of natural gas would have a CAFE value as follows: [16]. The Energy Policy Act of expanded the definition of alternative fuel to include liquefied petroleum gas , hydrogen , liquid fuels derived from coal and biological materials, electricity and any other fuel that the Secretary of Transportation determines to be substantially non-petroleum based and has environmental and energy security benefits.
Beginning in , manufacturers of these other alternative fuel automobiles that meet the qualifying requirements can also benefit for special treatment in the calculation of their CAFE. In the U. During the late s and early s several electric cars were produced in limited quantities as a result of the California Air Resources Board CARB mandate for more fuel-efficient zero-emissions vehicles.
Congress in , the U. Department of Energy established in July a methodology for calculating the petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles on a well-to-wheel basis. The methodology considers the upstream efficiency of the processes involved in the two fuel cycles.
Similarly, the energy value for electricity produced from fossil fuel is reduced to This reward factor is intended provide an incentive for vehicle manufactures to produce and sell electric vehicles, as a higher equivalent fuel economy for EVs improves the carmaker overall fleet fuel economy levels in complying with the CAFE standards, and Congress anticipated that such an incentive would help accelerate the commercialization of electric vehicles.
The Automotive X Prize competition was intended to encourage development of automobiles that would be capable of operating miles on a gallon of gasoline mpg. Comparison of electric vehicles to vehicles that carried their own engine was debated, since the notion of a miles per gallon equivalent as a metric for electric vehicles made the competition trivial for electric vehicles and a corresponding miles per gallon as a metric for the others extremely difficult for the others.
Miastrada Company made the case that this defeated the purpose of the competition, to no avail. The U. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA have conducted a series of studies to determine the best way to redesign this label to provide consumers with simple energy and environmental comparisons across all vehicles types, including battery electric vehicles BEV , plug-in hybrid electric vehicles PHEV , and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles powered by gasoline and diesel, in order to help consumers choose more efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles.
These changes were proposed to be introduced in new vehicles beginning with model year As part of the research and redesign process, EPA conducted focus groups where participants were presented with several options to express the consumption of electricity for plug-in electric vehicles. The research showed that participants did not understand the concept of a kilowatt hour as a measure of electric energy use despite the use of this unit in their monthly electric bills. Instead, participants favored a miles per gallon equivalent, MPGe, as the metric to compare with the familiar miles per gallon used for gasoline vehicles.
The research also concluded that the kWh per miles metric was more confusing to focus group participants compared to a miles per kWh. Based on these results, EPA decided to use the following fuel economy and fuel consumption metrics on the redesigned labels: MPG city and highway, and combined ; MPGe city and highway, and combined ; Gallons per miles; kWh per miles.
The proposed design and final content for two options of the new sticker label that would be introduced in model year cars and trucks were consulted for 60 days with the public in , and both include miles per gallon equivalent and kWh per miles as the fuel economy metrics for plug-in cars, but in one option MPGe and annual electricity cost are the two most prominent metrics.
In May , the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA and EPA issued a joint final rule establishing new requirements for a fuel economy and environment label that is mandatory for all new passenger cars and trucks starting with model year The ruling includes new labels for alternative fuel and alternative propulsion vehicles available in the US market, such as plug-in hybrids , electric vehicles , flexible-fuel vehicles , hydrogen fuel cell vehicle , and natural gas vehicles.
A gallon of gasoline equivalent means the number of kilowatt hours of electricity, cubic feet of compressed natural gas CNG , or kilograms of hydrogen that is equal to the energy in a gallon of gasoline. The new labels also show for the first time an estimate of how much fuel or electricity it takes to drive miles km , introducing to U.
EPA explained that the objective is to avoid the traditional miles per gallon metric that can be potentially misleading when consumers compare fuel economy improvements, and known as the "MPG illusion. As mentioned above, confusion and misinterpretation is common in the public between the two types of " fuel efficiency ". Fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will go per amount of fuel units of MPGe.
The miles per gallon gasoline equivalent is based on the energy content of gasoline. To convert the mile per gallon rating into other units of distance per unit energy used, the mile per gallon value can be multiplied by one of the following factors to obtain other units:. MPGe is determined by converting the vehicle consumption per unit distance, as determined through computer modeling or completion of an actual driving cycle, from its native units into a gasoline energy equivalent. Special cases for specific alternative fuels are discussed below, but a general formula for MPGe is:.
For EPA, this considers the tank-to-wheel for liquids and wall-to-wheel energy consumption for electricity, i. For EVs the energy cost includes the conversions from AC to charge the battery. The energy content of a particular fuel can vary somewhat given its specific chemistry and production method. For example, in the new efficiency ratings that have been developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA for battery electric vehicles BEVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles PHEVs — see below — the energy content of a gallon of gasoline is assumed to be , The miles per gallon equivalent cost of an alternative fuel vehicle can be calculated by a simple formula to directly compare the MPG operating costs rather than the energy consumption of MPGe [7] with traditional vehicles since the cost of resources varies substantially from region to region.
This equation reduces down to a simple formula that works with only the capacity of the fuel source and its possible range to compare vehicles. With your local rates for gasoline and your fuel source you can easily compare your alternative fuel vehicle operating cost directly with a gasoline engine model with the following:. The formula includes the inherent efficiency of the vehicle as the range capability of a specific fuel source capacity directly represents the EPA testing, it then becomes universal regardless of weight, vehicle size, co-efficient of drag, rolling resistance as these directly influence the range possible and are accounted for.
Driving style and weather conditions can be accounted for by using the achieved range instead of the advertised range for the calculation. The formula works by deriving how much alternative fuel can be purchased for the cost of a single gallon of gasoline, and creates a ratio of how this quantity compares to the storage capacity of the vehicle, then multiplies this ratio to the vehicles possible range. The result is number of miles the vehicle travels on alternative fuel for the same cost of a single gallon of gasoline.
The end computation results in MPG unit and is directly comparable to a standard internal combustion engine vehicles fuel costs for its rated MPG. Note: Using the battery size instead of the usable charge will provide a conservative value. Using actual charge and actual range driven will provide actual economy.
Between and several major automakers began commercializing battery electric vehicles BEVs , which are powered exclusively on electricity, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles PHEVs , which use electricity together with a liquid fuel stored in an on-board fuel tank, usually gasoline, but it might be also powered by diesel , ethanol , or flex-fuel engines.
For battery electric vehicles, the U. Environmental Protection Agency 's formula to calculate the well-to-wheel MPGe is based on energy standards established by the U. Department of Energy in [2] [13] [14] The well-to-wheel conversion is used in calculation of corporate-average fuel economy CAFE but not for window sticker Monroney fuel economy. For Monroney fuel economy the equation is.
The formula employed by the EPA for calculating their rated MPGe does not account for any fuel or energy consumed upstream such as the generation and transmission of electrical power, or well-to-wheel life cycle, as EPA's comparison with internal combustion vehicles is made on a tank-to-wheel versus battery-to wheel basis. The California Air Resources Board uses a different dynamometer testing than EPA, and considers reformulated gasoline sold in that state.
For CARB estimates the formula becomes: [13]. The new SAE J standard for measuring the exhaust emissions and fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids was approved in July In electric mode the Volt's rating is estimated with the same formula as an electric car. It was surpassed by the Hyundai Ioniq Electric in November The following table compares EPA's fuel economy expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent MPGe for the two models of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles rated by the EPA as of September [update] , and available in California.
Environmental Protection Agency as of September [update] []. The same method can be applied to any other alternative fuel vehicle when that vehicle's energy consumption is known. This conversion factor can now be used to calculate the MPGe for this vehicle. EPA's miles per gallon equivalent metric shown in the window sticker does not measure a vehicle's full cycle energy efficiency or well-to-wheel life cycle. Rather, the EPA presents MPGe in the same manner as MPG for conventional internal combustion engine vehicles as displayed in the Monroney sticker , and in both cases the rating only considers the pump-to-wheel or wall-to-wheel energy consumption, i.
For EVs the energy cost includes the conversions from AC from the wall used to charge the battery [38] The EPA ratings displayed in window stickers do not account for the energy consumption upstream, which includes the energy or fuel required to generate the electricity or to extract and produce the liquid fuel; the energy losses due to power transmission; or the energy consumed for the transportation of the fuel from the well to the station.
In the United States Department of Energy DOE established the methodology for calculating the petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles based on the well-to-wheel WTW gasoline-equivalent energy content of electricity Eg. The methodology considers the upstream efficiency of the processes involved in the two fuel cycles, and considers the national average electricity generation and transmission efficiencies because a battery electric vehicle burns its fuel mainly fossil fuels off-board at the power generation plant.
The equations for determining the petroleum equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles are the following: [14]. The petroleum-fueled accessory factor, AF, is equal to 1 if the electric drive vehicle does not have petroleum-powered accessories installed, and 0. The driving pattern factor, DPF, is equal to 1, as DoE considered that electric vehicles eligible for inclusion in CAFE will offer capabilities, perhaps excepting driving range, similar to those of conventional vehicles.
In the example provided by the US DoE in its final rule, an electric car with an energy consumption of Watt hour per mile in urban driving, and Watt hour per mile in highway driving, resulted in a petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Measure of average distance traveled per unit of energy consumed. New Monroney label for electric cars showing in prominent larger font the fuel economy rating in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent for the Nissan Leaf.
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
Main article: Gasoline gallon equivalent. Retrieved Environmental Protection Agency. Department of Energy See pp. USA Today. Green Car Congress. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original PDF on Idaho National Laboratory , U. Energy use averaged 2.
Two billion cars: driving toward sustainability. Oxford University Press , New York. ISBN Electric Vehicle News. X Prize Foundation. The New York Times. August The National Academies Press. Carlson; J. Argonne National Laboratory. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. EV World. Keep reading to learn more about each unit of measure. Miles per gallon is the distance traveled in miles consuming just one gallon of fuel.
When evaluating fuel efficiency, the more miles per gallon, the more fuel efficient a vehicle is and the less fuel consumed. Thus, the higher the mpg rating of a vehicle the less fuel it will consume. Miles per gallon US can be abbreviated as mpg US , and are also sometimes abbreviated as mpg. For example, 1 mile per gallon US can be written as 1 mpg US or 1 mpg.
Kilometers per liter is the distance that can be traveled in kilometers using one liter of fuel. You are here.
In the U. During the late s and early s several electric cars were produced in limited quantities as a result of the California Air Resources Board CARB mandate for more fuel-efficient zero-emissions vehicles. Congress in , the U. Department of Energy established in July a methodology for calculating the petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles on a well-to-wheel basis. The methodology considers the upstream efficiency of the processes involved in the two fuel cycles.
Similarly, the energy value for electricity produced from fossil fuel is reduced to This reward factor is intended provide an incentive for vehicle manufactures to produce and sell electric vehicles, as a higher equivalent fuel economy for EVs improves the carmaker overall fleet fuel economy levels in complying with the CAFE standards, and Congress anticipated that such an incentive would help accelerate the commercialization of electric vehicles. The Automotive X Prize competition was intended to encourage development of automobiles that would be capable of operating miles on a gallon of gasoline mpg.
Comparison of electric vehicles to vehicles that carried their own engine was debated, since the notion of a miles per gallon equivalent as a metric for electric vehicles made the competition trivial for electric vehicles and a corresponding miles per gallon as a metric for the others extremely difficult for the others.
Miastrada Company made the case that this defeated the purpose of the competition, to no avail. The U. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA have conducted a series of studies to determine the best way to redesign this label to provide consumers with simple energy and environmental comparisons across all vehicles types, including battery electric vehicles BEV , plug-in hybrid electric vehicles PHEV , and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles powered by gasoline and diesel, in order to help consumers choose more efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles.
These changes were proposed to be introduced in new vehicles beginning with model year As part of the research and redesign process, EPA conducted focus groups where participants were presented with several options to express the consumption of electricity for plug-in electric vehicles.
The research showed that participants did not understand the concept of a kilowatt hour as a measure of electric energy use despite the use of this unit in their monthly electric bills. Instead, participants favored a miles per gallon equivalent, MPGe, as the metric to compare with the familiar miles per gallon used for gasoline vehicles.
The research also concluded that the kWh per miles metric was more confusing to focus group participants compared to a miles per kWh. Based on these results, EPA decided to use the following fuel economy and fuel consumption metrics on the redesigned labels: MPG city and highway, and combined ; MPGe city and highway, and combined ; Gallons per miles; kWh per miles. The proposed design and final content for two options of the new sticker label that would be introduced in model year cars and trucks were consulted for 60 days with the public in , and both include miles per gallon equivalent and kWh per miles as the fuel economy metrics for plug-in cars, but in one option MPGe and annual electricity cost are the two most prominent metrics.
In May , the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA and EPA issued a joint final rule establishing new requirements for a fuel economy and environment label that is mandatory for all new passenger cars and trucks starting with model year The ruling includes new labels for alternative fuel and alternative propulsion vehicles available in the US market, such as plug-in hybrids , electric vehicles , flexible-fuel vehicles , hydrogen fuel cell vehicle , and natural gas vehicles.
A gallon of gasoline equivalent means the number of kilowatt hours of electricity, cubic feet of compressed natural gas CNG , or kilograms of hydrogen that is equal to the energy in a gallon of gasoline. The new labels also show for the first time an estimate of how much fuel or electricity it takes to drive miles km , introducing to U. EPA explained that the objective is to avoid the traditional miles per gallon metric that can be potentially misleading when consumers compare fuel economy improvements, and known as the "MPG illusion.
As mentioned above, confusion and misinterpretation is common in the public between the two types of " fuel efficiency ". Fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will go per amount of fuel units of MPGe. The miles per gallon gasoline equivalent is based on the energy content of gasoline. To convert the mile per gallon rating into other units of distance per unit energy used, the mile per gallon value can be multiplied by one of the following factors to obtain other units:.
MPGe is determined by converting the vehicle consumption per unit distance, as determined through computer modeling or completion of an actual driving cycle, from its native units into a gasoline energy equivalent. Special cases for specific alternative fuels are discussed below, but a general formula for MPGe is:. For EPA, this considers the tank-to-wheel for liquids and wall-to-wheel energy consumption for electricity, i.
For EVs the energy cost includes the conversions from AC to charge the battery. The energy content of a particular fuel can vary somewhat given its specific chemistry and production method. For example, in the new efficiency ratings that have been developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA for battery electric vehicles BEVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles PHEVs — see below — the energy content of a gallon of gasoline is assumed to be , The miles per gallon equivalent cost of an alternative fuel vehicle can be calculated by a simple formula to directly compare the MPG operating costs rather than the energy consumption of MPGe [7] with traditional vehicles since the cost of resources varies substantially from region to region.
This equation reduces down to a simple formula that works with only the capacity of the fuel source and its possible range to compare vehicles. With your local rates for gasoline and your fuel source you can easily compare your alternative fuel vehicle operating cost directly with a gasoline engine model with the following:.
The formula includes the inherent efficiency of the vehicle as the range capability of a specific fuel source capacity directly represents the EPA testing, it then becomes universal regardless of weight, vehicle size, co-efficient of drag, rolling resistance as these directly influence the range possible and are accounted for. Driving style and weather conditions can be accounted for by using the achieved range instead of the advertised range for the calculation. The formula works by deriving how much alternative fuel can be purchased for the cost of a single gallon of gasoline, and creates a ratio of how this quantity compares to the storage capacity of the vehicle, then multiplies this ratio to the vehicles possible range.
The result is number of miles the vehicle travels on alternative fuel for the same cost of a single gallon of gasoline. The end computation results in MPG unit and is directly comparable to a standard internal combustion engine vehicles fuel costs for its rated MPG. Note: Using the battery size instead of the usable charge will provide a conservative value. Using actual charge and actual range driven will provide actual economy.
Between and several major automakers began commercializing battery electric vehicles BEVs , which are powered exclusively on electricity, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles PHEVs , which use electricity together with a liquid fuel stored in an on-board fuel tank, usually gasoline, but it might be also powered by diesel , ethanol , or flex-fuel engines. For battery electric vehicles, the U. Environmental Protection Agency 's formula to calculate the well-to-wheel MPGe is based on energy standards established by the U.
Department of Energy in [2] [13] [14] The well-to-wheel conversion is used in calculation of corporate-average fuel economy CAFE but not for window sticker Monroney fuel economy. For Monroney fuel economy the equation is. The formula employed by the EPA for calculating their rated MPGe does not account for any fuel or energy consumed upstream such as the generation and transmission of electrical power, or well-to-wheel life cycle, as EPA's comparison with internal combustion vehicles is made on a tank-to-wheel versus battery-to wheel basis.
The California Air Resources Board uses a different dynamometer testing than EPA, and considers reformulated gasoline sold in that state. For CARB estimates the formula becomes: [13]. The new SAE J standard for measuring the exhaust emissions and fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids was approved in July In electric mode the Volt's rating is estimated with the same formula as an electric car. It was surpassed by the Hyundai Ioniq Electric in November The following table compares EPA's fuel economy expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent MPGe for the two models of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles rated by the EPA as of September [update] , and available in California.
Environmental Protection Agency as of September [update] []. The same method can be applied to any other alternative fuel vehicle when that vehicle's energy consumption is known. This conversion factor can now be used to calculate the MPGe for this vehicle. EPA's miles per gallon equivalent metric shown in the window sticker does not measure a vehicle's full cycle energy efficiency or well-to-wheel life cycle.
Rather, the EPA presents MPGe in the same manner as MPG for conventional internal combustion engine vehicles as displayed in the Monroney sticker , and in both cases the rating only considers the pump-to-wheel or wall-to-wheel energy consumption, i. For EVs the energy cost includes the conversions from AC from the wall used to charge the battery [38] The EPA ratings displayed in window stickers do not account for the energy consumption upstream, which includes the energy or fuel required to generate the electricity or to extract and produce the liquid fuel; the energy losses due to power transmission; or the energy consumed for the transportation of the fuel from the well to the station.
In the United States Department of Energy DOE established the methodology for calculating the petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles based on the well-to-wheel WTW gasoline-equivalent energy content of electricity Eg. The methodology considers the upstream efficiency of the processes involved in the two fuel cycles, and considers the national average electricity generation and transmission efficiencies because a battery electric vehicle burns its fuel mainly fossil fuels off-board at the power generation plant.
The equations for determining the petroleum equivalent fuel economy of electric vehicles are the following: [14]. The petroleum-fueled accessory factor, AF, is equal to 1 if the electric drive vehicle does not have petroleum-powered accessories installed, and 0. The driving pattern factor, DPF, is equal to 1, as DoE considered that electric vehicles eligible for inclusion in CAFE will offer capabilities, perhaps excepting driving range, similar to those of conventional vehicles.
In the example provided by the US DoE in its final rule, an electric car with an energy consumption of Watt hour per mile in urban driving, and Watt hour per mile in highway driving, resulted in a petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Measure of average distance traveled per unit of energy consumed. New Monroney label for electric cars showing in prominent larger font the fuel economy rating in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent for the Nissan Leaf. This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
Main article: Gasoline gallon equivalent. Retrieved Environmental Protection Agency. Department of Energy See pp. USA Today. Green Car Congress. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original PDF on Idaho National Laboratory , U. Energy use averaged 2. Two billion cars: driving toward sustainability.
Oxford University Press , New York. ISBN Electric Vehicle News. X Prize Foundation. The New York Times. August The National Academies Press. Carlson; J. Argonne National Laboratory. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. EV World. SAE International. Environmental Protection Agency and U. Excludes all-electric vehicles. The average vehicle gets 25 mpg. Liters per kilometers is calculated as the number of liters used to travel kilometers. This table provides a summary of the Fuel Economy units within their respective measurement systems.
So make sure you are converting using the correct system of measurement. While using this site, you agree to have read and accepted our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Check Your Math. Home Fuel Economy Conversions. JavaScript is required for this website to work properly. Please re-enable JavaScript in your browser settings. Conversion Calculator Enter your value in the conversion calculator below. What is US miles per gallon US mpg?
By Vance Cariaga. The Biden administration aims to ensure that future cars get better gas mileage than earlier models by. androider-games.ru › saving-money › car › fuel-economy-new-vehi. Pneumatically driven, two axis assembly machine for small components. 1. MPG 2-finger parallel gripper with standard finger blanks. 2.